自己解決しました。
F・Yさんありがとうございました。
実現したSQL文を下に載せておきます。
なお４階層目の"id"を取得するではなく、最下階層の"id"を取得するでした。

SELECT a1, a2, a3, a4, a5
FROM (
SELECT name AS a1, NULL AS a2, NULL AS a3, NULL AS a4, id AS a5
FROM sections
WHERE upper_section_id =0
UNION SELECT t1_0.name AS a1, t1_1.name AS a2, NULL AS a3, NULL AS a4, t1_1.
id AS a5
FROM sections AS t1_0, sections AS t1_1, sections AS t1_2, sections AS t1_3
WHERE t1_0.upper_section_id =0
AND t1_1.upper_section_id = t1_0.id
UNION SELECT t1_0.name AS a1, t1_1.name AS a2, t1_2.name AS a3, NULL AS a4,
t1_2.id AS a5
FROM sections AS t1_0, sections AS t1_1, sections AS t1_2, sections AS t1_3
WHERE t1_0.upper_section_id =0
AND t1_1.upper_section_id = t1_0.id
AND t1_2.upper_section_id = t1_1.id
UNION SELECT t1_0.name AS a1, t1_1.name AS a2, t1_2.name AS a3, t1_3.name AS
a4, t1_3.id AS a5
FROM sections AS t1_0, sections AS t1_1, sections AS t1_2, sections AS t1_3
WHERE t1_0.upper_section_id =0
AND t1_1.upper_section_id = t1_0.id
AND t1_2.upper_section_id = t1_1.id
AND t1_3.upper_section_id = t1_2.id
) AS t0
ORDER BY a1, a2, a3, a4

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